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The Papal Basilica of St. Paul outside the Walls ((イタリア語:Basilica Papale di San Paolo fuori le Mura)), commonly known as St. Paul's outside the Walls, is one of Rome's four ancient, Papal, major basilicas, 〔Benedict XVI’s theological act of renouncing the title of "Patriarch of the West" had as consequence that Roman Catholic patriarchal basilicas are today officially known as Papal basilicas.〕 along with the Basilicas of St. John in the Lateran, St. Peter's, and St. Mary Major. The Basilica is within Italian territory and not the territory of the Vatican City State.〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 ((''The Treaty of the Lateran'' by Benedict Williamson (London: Burns, Oates, and Washbourne Limited, 1929), pages 42-66 ))〕 However, the Holy See fully owns the Basilica, and Italy is legally obligated to recognize its full ownership thereof〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 13 ((Ibidem ))〕 and to concede to it "the immunity granted by International Law to the headquarters of the diplomatic agents of foreign States".〔Lateran Treaty of 1929, Article 15 ((Ibidem ))〕 James Michael Harvey was named Archpriest of the Basilica in 2012. ==History== The Basilica was founded by the Roman Emperor Constantine I over the burial place of St. Paul, where it was said that, after the Apostle's execution, his followers erected a memorial, called a ''cella memoriae''. This first edifice was expanded under Valentinian I in the 370s. In 386, Emperor Theodosius I began erecting a much larger and more beautiful basilica with a nave and four aisles with a transept; the work including the mosaics was not completed until Leo I's pontificate (440–461). In the 5th century it was larger than the Old St. Peter's Basilica. The Christian poet Prudentius, who saw it at the time of emperor Honorius (395–423), describes the splendours of the monument in a few expressive lines. As it was dedicated also to Saints Taurinus and Herculanus, martyrs of Ostia in the 3rd century,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =ACTA MARTYRUM AD OSTIA TIBERINA )〕 it was called the ''basilica trium Dominorum'' ("basilica of Three Lords"). Under Pope St. Gregory the Great (590-604) the Basilica was extensively modified. The pavement was raised to place the altar directly over St. Paul's tomb. A confession permitted access to the Apostle's sepulcher. In that period there were two monasteries near the Basilica: St. Aristus's for men and St. Stefano's for women. Masses were celebrated by a special body of clerics instituted by Pope Simplicius. Over time the monasteries and the Basilica's clergy declined; Pope St. Gregory II restored the former and entrusted the monks with the Basilica's care. As it lay outside the Aurelian Walls, the Basilica was damaged in the 9th century during a Saracen raid. Consequently, Pope John VIII (872-82) fortified the Basilica, the monastery, and the dwellings of the peasantry, forming the town of Joannispolis (Italian: ''Giovannipoli'') which existed until 1348, when an earthquake totally destroyed it. In 937, when Saint Odo of Cluny came to Rome, Alberic II of Spoleto, Patrician of Rome, entrusted the monastery and basilica to his congregation and Odo placed Balduino of Monte Cassino in charge. Pope Gregory VII was abbot of the monastery and in his time Pantaleone, a rich merchant of Amalfi who lived in Constantinople, presented the bronze doors of the basilica maior, which were executed by Constantinopolitan artists; the doors are inscribed with Pantaleone's prayer that the "doors of life" may be opened to him.〔Margaret English Frazer, "Church Doors and the Gates of Paradise: Byzantine Bronze Doors in Italy", ''Dumbarton Oaks Papers'' 27 (1973:145–162)〕 Pope Martin V entrusted it to the monks of the Congregation of Monte Cassino. It was then made an abbey nullius. The abbot's jurisdiction extended over the districts of Civitella San Paolo, Leprignano, and Nazzano, all of which formed parishes. But the parish of San Paolo in Rome is under the jurisdiction of the cardinal vicar. The graceful cloister of the monastery was erected between 1220 and 1241. From 1215 until 1964 it was the seat of the Latin Patriarch of Alexandria. On 15 July 1823 a fire, started through the negligence of a workman who was repairing the lead of the roof, resulted in the almost total destruction of the basilica which, alone of all the churches of Rome, had preserved its primitive character for 1435 years. It was re-opened in 1840, and reconsecrated 1855 with the presence of Pope Pius IX and fifty cardinals. Completing the works of reconstruction, in charge of Luigi Poletti,〔(''The Architecture of Modern Italy: The Challenge of Tradition 1750-1900'' ) By Terry Kirk, page 173〕 took longer, however, and many countries made their contributions. The Viceroy of Egypt sent pillars of alabaster, the Emperor of Russia the precious malachite and lapis lazuli of the tabernacle. The work on the principal façade, looking toward the Tiber, was completed by the Italian Government, which declared the church a national monument. On 23 April 1891 the explosion of the gunpowder magazine at Forte Portuense destroyed the stained glass windows. On 31 May 2005 Pope Benedict XVI ordered the Basilica to come under the control of an Archpriest and he named Archbishop Andrea Cordero Lanza di Montezemolo as its first archpriest. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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